Changes+of+state


 * Solids, liquids & gases**

All matter exists in one of three states: SOLIDS, LIQUIDS & GASES.

Particles in a gas are spread out sporadically and move around freely. This means that gases can be compressed because there is space between the particles.
 * Gases**

Particles in a liquid have some bonds between each other, can slide over each other and move around in a fluid form. This allows a liquid to take the shape of the container it is in.
 * Liquids**

Particles in a solid are fitted tightly together into a regular lattice pattern (see diagram). The bonds between the particles are strong, meaning that it is difficult to change the shape of a solid.
 * Solids**

A substance can change from a solid to a liquid, from a liquid to a gas, and vice versa. A substance can change between these states, due to changes in energy. This is a PHYSICAL CHANGE, not a chemical change. More often than not this change can be easily REVERSED.
 * Changes of State**

These changes in state occur due to the amount of energy that the particles of a substance have. So, for example, as particles gain more energy, they become excited and begin to vibrate more. This leads to the bonds breaking and the formation of a new state (sold to liquid, liquid to gas). If particles lose energy, these bonds re-form, and the substance returns to its original state (Gas to liquid, liquid to solid).

Melting Evaporation

Solid --->- Liquid -->- Gas

Gains energy Gains energy

Freezing Condensation

Solid ---< Liquid --< Gas

Loses energy Loses energy