The+Human+Body


 * Created by Jennie B, Chris J, Nick W & Claire Be**

__**Human Body in the National Curriculum**__
**Key Stage 1** Humans and other animals

Pupils should be taught:
 * To recognise and compare the main external parts of the bodies of humansand other animals.
 * That humans and other animals need food and water to stay alive see that taking exercise and eating the right types and amounts of food help.
 * Humans to keep healthy and about the role of drugs as medicines how to treat animals with care and sensitivity.
 * T hat humans and other animals can produce offspring and that these offspring grow into adults gabout the senses that enable humans and other animals to be aware of the world around them.

**Key Stage 2** Humans and other animals

Pupils should be taught: Nutrition importance of an adequate and varied diet for health Circulation dabout the effect of exercise and rest on pulse rate Movement Growth and reproduction Health
 * about the functions and care of teeth babout the need for food for activity and growth, and about the
 * that the heart acts as a pump to circulate the blood through vessels around the body, including through the lungs
 * that humans and some other animals have skeletons and muscles to support and protect their bodies and to help them to move
 * about the main stages of the human life cycle
 * about the effects on the human body of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, and how these relate to their personal health about the importance of exercise for good health.

= **__KEY STAGE 1 - THE HUMAN BODY RESOURCES__** =


 * //National Curriculum Objective 1 -//**
 * //to recognise and compare the main external parts of the bodies of humans and other animals.//

[] This is a simple game for KS1 students, introducing them to the different external features of the human body. Simple to use and allows children to identify body parts of humans in different stages of childhood. Also a useful lesson plan on this on the website.
 * //Resources for Objective 1 -//**
 * **Body Parts Game**

[] Simple worksheet from the BBC joining the body parts to a picture of a boy. Would be a good worksheet to follow the body parts game, in order to assess the childrens understanding.
 * **Ourselves Worksheet**

Songs are a good way of teaching KS1 children to identify their body parts. Can also introduce cross curricular links to languages. Examples - Head, Shoulders, Knees & Toes [] Body Parts and Exercise - A funny little video getting children up in lessons moving. However also good for being able to assess childrens understanding of body parts depending on if they can follow the instructions. []
 * **Body Part Songs**

//**National Curriculum Objective 2 -**//
 * //That humans and other animals need food and water to stay alive see that taking exercise and eating the right types and amounts of food help.//


 * //Resources for Objective 2 -//**
 * **Posters**
 * [|Sparkle box posters]** Healthy living posters - Sparklebox box posters that can be displayed in the classroom to encourage healthy habits in children, such as exercise (mainly for foundation stage and year 1.)

**What can we eat?** A worksheet, aimed mainly at year 2, that can help children think about the idea that we can eat plants, but that there are some that are unhealthy for us to eat. They can list (and draw) plants that are safe to eat and not safe to eat. They also have to option to think about plants they like to eat.
 * **What we can/can't eat.**

__** Useful Links - **__
Opportunity for Cross-curricular - MFL Body Parts Link body parts to languages by visiting this page on body parts in other languages.

= __**Key Stage 2: Circulation**__ = = = Heart Key organ in circulatory system. It acts as a hollow muscular pump, and its function is to move blood around your body through blood vessels (tubes). It beats at around 70 times per minute (and 2.5 billion times during your life!), but can go much faster when needed. It gets messages from your body telling it to pump more or less blood around, depending on what you are doing. If you are sleeping, it pumps just enough to provide for the lower amounts of oxygen needed by our bodies whilst resting. If you are exercising or become frightened, your heart pumps faster to get more oxygen to our bodies.

There are four chambers to the heart, enclosed by thick muscular walls. There are two atria and two ventricles. Left side of the heart
 * Blood comes from your lungs to your heart and collects in the left atrium, filling it up. This initiates a contraction of the walls of the left atrium and forces the mitral valve to open, allowing the blood to pass through into the left ventricle
 * The left ventricle fills up, and forces the mitral valve to close, stopping the blood from moving backwards. The muscles of the left ventricle contract and another valve opens this time, called the aortic valve. The blood is squeezed through the aortic valve and on to the body.
 * When it is coming out of the left ventricle and into the aorta, the blood is under high pressure. This pressure makes it flow quickly to the different parts of your body and give oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues.
 * The blood returns to the heart along a ‘one-way system’ and returns to the right side of the heart

Right side of the heart
 * Once the blood has given out oxygen and nutrients, it returns to the heart and collects in the right atrium. The walls of the right atrium contract, the tricuspid valve opens, and the blood passes into the right ventricle.
 * The right ventricle fills with blood, the tricuspid valve closes, and the muscles of the right ventricle contract. This makes the pulmonic valve open and allow blood to pass through and on to the lungs.
 * When it reaches the lungs, the blood receives a new supply of oxygen and gets rid of the carbon dioxide it is carrying, and then returns to the left side of the heart, to begin the whole cycle again.

Below is a diagram showing the circulation process mentioned above in a simpler format, along with 2 diagrams of the heart. There are loads of these on the internet (google images etc.) and some are more basic than others so you can choose one that is appropriate for the year group you are teaching.

Lungs There are two of them, and are protected by your ribcage. They receive the air you breathe in through your mouth and nose. When you breathe in, the lungs inflate (get bigger), and when you breather out, they deflate (get smaller). This could be demonstrated by blowing up a balloon so the children can visualise the action. The lungs have 2 main jobs:
 * to transport oxygen from the air into your bloodstream
 * to release carbon dioxide from your bloodstream into the air

Useful links

[] excellent animated clip showing the direction of blood flow through the heart

[] link showing heart and veins/arteries/capillaries

[] - interactive whiteboard resource, shows the journey of a red blood cell around your body and through the heart etc. good visual resource to show how circulatory system works.

Activity This could be combined with P.E and maths lessons. Get the children to measure their own heart rate by counting the number of beats in one minute. Then get them to run around, jump up and down, or do some form of exercise for one minute. They can then measure their heart rate after exercise to see how it has increased, and leas this into a discussion, get them to explain why it has increased. You could use their measurements and use the data in a maths lesson-work out the difference; percentage increase; simple addition/subtracion; how many more beats per minute; construct a bar chart, calculate the mean/median/mode heart rate of the class!

= **__Key Stage 2: Human Body Key Learning!__** = =**At KS2 it is important that children understand the 7 life processes which demonstrate that humans are alive and carry out certain processes. The life processes which the NC highlights to be important at KS2 are //movement, reproduction, nutrition & growth// (see the NC objectives below).**= Movement that humans and some other animals have skeletons and muscles to support and protect their bodies and to help them to move Growth and reproduction about the main stages of the human life cycle Nutrition about the functions and care of teeth babout the need for food for activity and growth, and about the importance of an adequate and varied diet for health

= __Movement__ =

// ﻿This is the life process where the skeleton can be introduced to the children! // [] Follow up worksheet also available - []
 * ====Voluntary Movements - humans can choose to do these or not. Examples include running and walking.====
 * ====Involuntary Movements - less obvious muscle movements, for example heart beats. Actions like these happen atuomatically without having to be thought of at all.====
 * // BBC introduction clip to the skeleton - //**

**Simple Songs to introduce the skeleton - Many Available!#** []

[]
 * Cross curricular link with Literacy - Funny Bones **